Katherine Jennings,  age 12, of Scarborough, Ontario, Canada,  her question:

Why do penquins live only in Antarctica?

Not all penguins live in Antarctica. Some species live in the balmy waters around Australia and nearby islands. Some live on the Galapagos Islands of the Pacific right near the equator, all the penguin cousins wear the neat black and white evening attire, but soma of them never see a cube of ice. None of them live north of the equator.

Recent diggings in Antarctica reveal that penguin ancestors were there at least 50 million years ago. At this remote time, the flighty song birds had developed in the temperate zones and the south polar regions were somewhat isolated from the unfolding stream of life. Penguins love to voyage on drifting 1ce floes and various ancestors traveled through the southern seas but none of them seam to have explored the northern hemisphere.